GHK-Cu
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine:copper) found in human plasma. Studies have identified its ability to modulate expression of over 4,000 genes involved in tissue remodeling, tissue repair signaling, and inflammation.
From ReVia
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu is a tripeptide-copper complex first isolated from human plasma, where it exists at approximately 200 ng/mL in young adults and declines with age. It has a high affinity for copper(II) ions and functions as a copper delivery vehicle to tissues. GHK-Cu modulates gene expression broadly: it upregulates genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, decorin), antioxidant defense (SOD, glutathione systems), and stem cell markers, while downregulating genes associated with inflammation and fibrosis. It stimulates metalloproteinase activity for ECM turnover and promotes angiogenesis for improved tissue blood supply.
Research Applications
- Studies have investigated tissue repair signaling mechanisms and skin remodeling pathways
- Research has examined gene expression modulation across >4,000 human genes
- Studies have explored ECM component synthesis including collagen and decorin
- Research has assessed gene expression patterns associated with aging research in skin tissue models
Key Published Studies
Pickart L, et al. The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:324832.
Key finding: GHK-Cu was shown to modulate expression of 31.2% of the human genome, with significant upregulation of genes involved in tissue repair signaling and antioxidant response, and suppression of genes associated with inflammation and tissue destruction.
Fu SC, et al. Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Res. 2015;33(7):1024-1033.
Key finding: In a rat ligament-reconstruction model, GHK-Cu improved an early healing outcome measure. The authors describe the effect as transient, and it is reported that way here because that is what the paper concluded.
Chemical Properties
- Type
- Peptide-copper complex (tripeptide)
- Molecular Formula
- C₁₄H₂₃CuN₆O₄
- Molar Mass
- 403.92 g/mol
Research Use Only (RUO): This page summarizes published scientific research and is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. The compound described carries a Research Use Only designation and is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for human or animal consumption, or for use in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease. Consult qualified professionals before making any health-related decisions.